Half Moon Bay, located in San Mateo County, California, is a charming coastal city known for its crescent shape and popular attractions like Mavericks, a big-wave surf spot. Originally an agricultural outpost, the town has a rich history dating back to the 1840s. With a population of around 11,795, Half Moon Bay offers a mix of agriculture, fishing, and tourism as its main industries. The city faces challenges such as sea level rise due to its coastal location, but continues to be a picturesque destination for visitors seeking a laid-back coastal vibe.