The Upana Caves are a self-guided cave system near Gold River, Vancouver Island, formed over millennia by water dissolving limestone rock. The system includes about 500 meters of passages and around 15 entrances, with notable features like the Upana River flowing through the Main Cave and the Resurgence Cave where it re-emerges. Historically, they are shaped by ancient glaciation and erosion, with some passages accessible to novice explorers, though deeper sections require proper caving gear. 

Description

• Formation: The caves are a karst system where groundwater, combined with carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid, slowly dissolves the limestone bedrock.

  Features:

  • The system contains about 500 meters of passages across 15 known entrances.

  • An underground river flows through the caves, disappearing in the Main Cave and re-emerging at Resurgence Cave.

  • Some walls in Resurgence Cave have been transformed into smooth, white marble due to heat and pressure.

  • Insect Cave is a good, small introduction for beginners.

  What to expect:

  • A self-guided tour is possible, with pathways and steps in the semi-developed areas.

  • It is recommended to bring at least two sources of light, sturdy footwear, and warm, waterproof clothing, as the temperature is consistently chilly.

  • Helmets are recommended for protection, especially in lower ceilings or for more adventurous exploration. 

History

• Geological history: The caves began forming thousands, possibly millions, of years ago through the slow dissolution of limestone.

• Glaciation: Pleistocene era glaciation played a significant role in shaping the current characteristics of the cave system.

• Tectonic activity: Centuries ago, shells and sea creatures formed the limestone, which was then cracked and pushed above sea level by tectonic plate action.

• Filming location: The caves were used for filming scenes for the television series "Huckleberry Finn and His Friends".